Impact of Financial Leverage on Firm Value

Effect of Financial Leverage on Firm Value Presentation In the event that there is obligation in a companys capital, such an organization is named utilized or equipped organization. An outfitting proportion exhibits the connection between fixed intrigue and value capital in the money of a business Measured: Fixed Interest Capital OR Fixed Interest Capital Capital Employed Equity The money related switch is a standard in estimating the size of utilizing obligation in the organizations capital structure. One of the most significant issues in monetary conversations is getting a mix of capital structure which has the most attractions for the financial specialists. The structure of capital is a necessary connection among obligation and the value that gives money related requirements to setting up the companys properties. Proclamation OF RESEARCH QUESTION There is a negative and huge connection between's budgetary influence and firm. 1.There is a negative and huge connection between's budgetary influence and income per share 2.There is a negative and huge connection between's budgetary influence and value income proportion. 3.There is a negative and noteworthy relationship between's money related influence and comes back to value. 4.There is a negative and noteworthy relationship between's money related influence and working benefit. WHY INTERESTING The above exploration questions are fascinating as they will address the accompanying: Give answer on the effect of equipping on the organizations esteem; accommodate the contention regarding whether monetary influence has relationship with acquiring per share; the degree of connection between's money related influence and value income proportion just as operational benefit. The inquiries will likewise look to feature the dangers related with influence. Connection to past examination (Theoretical Framework) CAPITAL STRUCTURE THEORIES A companys capital structure shows all the wellsprings of fund an organization is using to back its activities. Capital structure alludes to how an organization funds its activities and it is normally comprised of: Normal offer capital Inclination share capital Obligation capital. There are two principle speculations about the impact of changes in equipping on the WACC and offer worth. There are: a.The customary view b.The net working salary approach For which a social defense was proposed by Franco Modigliani and Melton H. Mill operator (M) in 1958 (Gitman, 2006). Conventional VIEW The conventional view expresses that obligation capital is less expensive than value and that such an organization can build its incentive by obtaining up to a sensible breaking point (the ideal degree of equipping). Bring Kw back Ke Kd P GEARING With the customary hypothesis, the accompanying presumptions hold influence: Â 1.The expense of obligation will stay steady until a huge point is arrived at when it would begin to rise. 2.The WACC will fill quickly an outside wellspring of account is presented and will bring from there on as the degree of equipping increments. 3.The companys advertise esteem and the market esteem per offer will be expanded where WACC is at the absolute bottom. M-MS SUPPORT OF THE OPERATING INCOME APPROACH The first standardizing hypothesis of organization valuation and capital structure was advanced in type of a social avocation of the Net Operating Income Approach by Franco Modigliani and Melton H. Mill operator (M-M) in 1958 (Gitman, 2006). To value the recommendations by M-M, it will be smarter to comprehend the M-M suppositions which are expressed beneath. From these suspicions, M-M set out their three recommendations. Recommendation I This expresses an organization can't change the all out estimation of its protections just by parting its income into various streams; the companys esteem is dictated by its genuine resources, not by the protections it issues. Therefore, capital structure is superfluous if the companys speculation choices are taken as given. Suggestion II The normal pace of profit for the value of an outfitted organization increments in suggestion to the obligation value proportion (obligation/value), communicated in showcase esteems; the pace of increment relies upon the spread between the normal pace of profit for an arrangement of all the companys protections, and the normal profit for the obligation. Suggestion III This gives a standard to ideal venture strategy by the organization: The cut off point for interest in the organization will in all cases be the WACC and will be totally unaffected by the sorts of security used to fund the speculation. Thusly, if the initial two suggestions hold, the slice off rate used to assess ventures won't be influenced by the sort of subsidizing used to fund them, whatever might be the capital structure. The addition from utilizing obligation (at lower cost) is counterbalanced by the expanded expense of value (because of expanded hazard) and WACC thusly stays unaltered. Proposed strategies Proclamation OF METHOD Optional information from money related database will be utilized. To decide the effect of influence on the estimation of firm, an exhaustive report will be taken on every element in the coordinated chain. My decision of the above information assortment technique laid on their legitimacy and exploration question. I likewise believe them to be less expensive comparable to other people. The investigation will attempt to coordinate different scholastic written works and look at the effect of money related influence on the estimation of firms. In this way, I will acquire lopsided board containing 25 organizations recorded on the Nigerian Stock Exchange for the period going from 2001-2010 with significant data in the course of the most recent years. These organizations and their distributed records will be utilized to decide the variable that will be expressed. Decision OF THEORY There are two essential hypotheses about the effect of monetary influence on firms esteem; the customary hypothesis and the Modigliani Millers hypothesis. I will put together my examination with respect to the hypothesis which appear to be increasingly practical with experimental certainty. CAPITAL STRUCTURE In the scholarly writing, there two potential indictors of capital structure, in particular, obligation value proportion, characterized as all out obligation separated by book estimation of basic value, and a proportion of obligation complete resources. In this examination, the proportion of obligation to normal value will be utilized. This will be increasingly valuable to clarify the decision of a capital structure when contrasted with the proportion of obligation to add up to resources. This variable will be meant as CS in our examination. Information COLLECTION The assortment apparatuses for the examination venture incorporates: Financial occasions measurable information from Nigerian Stock Exchange, Augusto rating on obligation Equity Companies, Financial Index Journal. Others instrument incorporate the companys yearly reports and record, the web, monetary paper especially, Thisday, Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) diaries, Financial Standard, Business Times and some other remote diary counseled at different library. The testing strategy to be utilized is relapse and relationship examination with the chi-square X2 dispersion, which permits correlations of a real watched appropriation with a speculated or anticipated conveyance. This technique is frequently alluded to as a decency of fit test. Test FRAME The auxiliary information above will be utilized notwithstanding the budget summary and Accounts of chosen organizations: Nigerian Breweries Plc, Pharma Deko Plc and Evans Medicals Plc. The consequence of the examination will be broke down and tried. The firm size will be controlled by its log of deals as distributed in their fiscal summaries. Firms turnover as a level of capital utilized will be utilized in our model. It is frequently contended that presentation is an element of firm size and in the event that we are to make a relapse model with execution as reaction variable, it is essential to join firm estimate in our model. Firm size might be decidedly or contrarily identified with influence. Odeleye (2014) approach with the possibility that huge firms may practice economies of scale, have better information on business sectors and can utilize better administration staff. Firm size additionally quantifies an organizations advertise force or level of focus inside the business. Reflections Fund: The execution of this task required significant money related cost. The sourcing and assembling of information, paying working visit to firm, directing enquiry to the activities of the organization and bundling accessible data into sound venture, required financing. Time: It takes effort to direct request, examination just as accumulate, order investigation and deciphers information and afterward sorts out them into an exploration work. The scientist worked under serious requirements of time as there was a cutoff time for the accommodation of the venture. Disposition of the Practitioner: Although some data was promptly given by staff of the association, a couple of other significant ones were considered as private and arduous endeavors must be made to gather a portion of the data that were viewed as classified. Inside and out, the confinements were so extreme as to vitiate the exploration result, all the more particularly on the grounds that the scientist figured out how to defeat the hindrance. Genuinely, just some chose utilized organizations in assembling exercises as a possibility for development improvement of market are incorporated to limit the costs. Another constraint is that not all utilized organizations end up being effective according to advertise esteems; this exploration doesn't cover those organizations. I got all the important data I required for experimental investigation considering the propelled idea of the money related announcing of the organizations under survey which puzzles to worldwide norm? The budgetary guideline in Nigeria probably won't be fully informed regarding appreciation to accommodation of fiscal summary. The get-together of information from a portion of the companys office required some installment. This costs which was planned for comprised a test, yet there was a chance of missing a few information which isn't found on the budget report of the organizations. This examination was done with an example of firms recorded on the Nigeria Stock Exchange. The main exact obstruction will

Writing a PhD Research Proposal

Writing a PhD Research ProposalA PhD research proposal is an example of a high-level document that allows the faculty to determine whether or not the PhD student has the necessary tools to handle the task in question. The proposal is meant to serve as a high-level overview of the main idea of the PhD thesis, as well as a detailed description of how it will be accomplished. It can help potential students understand the major topics that they should cover in their proposal, as well as the methods that they should use.A PhD research proposal should be very detailed and provide enough detail for the faculty to understand it fully. If the proposal is too general, it may be difficult to convince the faculty of the need for your proposal. However, if it is overly specific, it may leave the committee wondering whether or not they should even consider the student's ideas. A dissertation that is too vague will not prepare the reader for the concepts and ideas that are presented, leaving them u nclear as to what they should expect.A PhD research proposal should be written in an easy-to-read format, so that it is easy to read. It should also be brief, concise, and organized in such a way that it highlights the main ideas and concepts that are presented. If the proposal is not properly organized, it will be hard to locate the information that the reader needs. Therefore, the reader will be unable to fully appreciate the work that you have done.The proposal should be properly formatted, with plenty of white space in order to make it easier to read. This type of format makes it more attractive to a reader, which is a big reason why the proposal is included. White space helps a reader to focus on important parts of the document. Most readers will focus on the largest chunks of text first, making it possible for them to become more engaged in reading.A good research proposal must be well-organized. There should be some type of summary at the end of the document, which outlines a ll of the ideas that the student has presented. In this way, the reader will know what they should expect from the PhD student's work.Every doctoral program is different, and every person who applies for the program should be unique. Therefore, the style of the proposal should be slightly different from one program to the next. A good proposal should be able to stand out from the rest of the PhD students, and help to distinguish them from other candidates.Scholarship includes all of the tools that a student uses to write a dissertation. These include the thesis statement, the research and notes sections, and the conclusion. The research sections should be the basis of the dissertation, because they should give the reader a thorough understanding of the topic. The notes section should also provide the reader with a thorough understanding of the topic, but it should also highlight the major ideas that the student has used to write the dissertation.The conclusion section is the part of the research report that describes the source materials used for the original research. These sources should be listed and explained clearly. The writing section is a summary of what the writer intended to say during the dissertation process. This is often the last section that the dissertation committee looks at before deciding whether or not to recommend the PhD student.

Brand image of Kenya as a destination Dissertation

Brand picture of Kenya as a goal - Dissertation Example With the expect to distinguish the picture of and the capability of Kenya as a goal, three targets were set in Chapter I. After broad writing survey, the approach was expressed in Chapter III. This was a quantitative report wherein essential information was gathered through study surveys. The discoveries and end have been introduced beneath. The examination presumes that Kenya offers different attractions such games, experience, nature-based occasion, untamed life and safaris and sea shore and social the travel industry. Be that as it may, nature and untamed life the travel industry are the main ones that are generally promoted for as is obvious from a portion of the handouts from various nations. The impression of Kenya in the brains of the individuals is that of a nation with minimal effort of living, a nation where burglary and theft is normal, or a nation that works in untamed life visits and nature-based the travel industry. No place has sea shore the travel industry or social t he travel industry been broadcasted. Individuals infer their discernments either through their own understanding or through the media. The visit administrators assume a basic job in anticipating the correct picture of any goal. The visit administrators thus, ought to be instructed and acquainted with the goal by the host nation government. The examination infers that Kenya conveys a poor brand picture in the psyches of the individuals. The brand picture can be upgraded through legitimate promoting technique and through instructing the visitors. List of chapters Chapter I: Introduction 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Rationale for the investigation 2 1.3 Research Aims and Objectives 2 1.4 Structure of the examination 3 Chapter II: Literature Review 2.1 Kenya †as a goal 5 2.1.1 Mass the travel industry and decay 6 2.1.2 Tourist exercises in Kenya 8 2.2 Motivation for the travel industry 9 2.3 Brand picture in the travel industry 10 2.4 Role of visit administrators 13 Chapter III: Methodolog y 3.1 Research theory 14 3.2 Purpose and wonder of research 14 3.3 Epistemology 14 3.4 Research approach 15 3.5 Data assortment 15 3.6 Data assortment instrument 16 3.7 Research Design 16 3.8 Ethical concerns 17 Chapter IV: Findings and Discussions 4.1 Introduction 18 4.2 Findings from overview 18 4.3 Discussions 24 Chapter V: Conclusion and Recommendations 5.1 Conclusion 27 5.2 Limitations 28 5.3 Recommendations 28 References 30 Appendices 32 Figures and Charts Figure 2.1 Brochure of Ministry of Tourism 11 Figure 2.2 Brochure of UK-based visit administrator 12 Figure 2.3 Brochure of an Australian-based visit administrator 13 Chart 4.1 Age Group 18 Chart 4.2: Occupation 19 Chart 4.3: Visited Kenya 19 Chart 4.4: Purpose of visit 20 Chart 4.5: Duration of remain 20 Chart 4.6: Accommodation utilized 21 Chart 4.7: Image of Kenya 21 Chart 4.8: Perceptions of wellbeing 22 Chart 4.9: Source of data 22 Chart 4.10 Memorable encounters 23 Chart 4.11: Perception 24 Chapter I: Introduction 1.1 Background One of the progressions achieved by globalization is change in purchaser request. Changes in shopper request have affected a few business segments including the travel industry part. As interest for new parts has created travelers continually look for more up to date goals. In the twentieth century the travel industry has developed as the world’s biggest industry in any event, outperforming businesses, for example, cars, steel, hardware, and agribusiness (Sirgy and Su, 2000). The travel industry is an enormous wellspring of remote trade, business and improved salary because of which all consideration and assets are redirected towards this industry. Changes have happened in the structure of the general public because of additionally buying power in the hands of the individuals. This is one of the solid reasons that travel industry worldwide has developed extents. It along these lines turns into the duty of the goal supervisors

Vicarious Liability Essay - 550 Words

Vicarious Liability (Essay Sample) Content: Title: Vicarious LiabilitySubjectLearnerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s nameAffiliated instituteIntroductionIn day to day life, there are actions/activities which that are considered to be against the law. Under ordinary circumstances, when a person has an age defined in the state legal documents as the adult age, he/she is treated as independent and responsible for his/her actions. For instance, if an adult sibling is involved in a crime, his/her parents or next of kin cannot be held responsible for the actions. However, a scenario arises in which actions of a person can lead to another person been held responsible. In such scenarios, the person who is held liable for another personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s actions is considered to have a special relationship with the action doer. Such scenario is termed as vicarious liability.As explained by Paula Giliker (2010) in his book "Vicarious Liability in Tort," Vicarious liability doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t represent a tort as may be perceived by many, but a rule of responsibility whereby the defendant can be rendered liable for the offenses committed by another person. In this case for instance, offences committed by an employee can render employer liable, not for his own actions but the actions of the tortfeasor.Concept of vicarious liabilityVicarious liability operates on the concept that, the person held responsible for the actions of the tortfeasor played a role in the actions. It claims that, the persons have a special relationship (e.g. Parent à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Son relationship) and therefore, the defendant could have used his/her authority over the tortfeasor to prevent to law violation. For instance, if a parent allowed a son drive out a car which later committed a crime, the parent can be held liable.Robert Courtneyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s caseIn this case, Robert Courtney who was the owner of a pharmacy was found to have been diluting the medication prescribed for people with cancer. Evidence was found that the medication samples which had been co llected from one of his clients were found to be diluted and thus the medication had a fraction of the expected medicinal content. He pleaded guilty and charged with several account, including responsibility for deaths which could have been prevented.Applicability of vicarious liabilityThe application of vicarious liability as leading to Robert Courtney being held responsible, do not seem to be direct. As defined under law circumstances, this law involves two people, whereby one person is held responsible and suffers consequences for actions of another person related in a way. However, Robert Courtney being an employer and employee at the same time in his own pharmacy, vicarious liability holds. He committed the crime while working as an employee for his firm, but he was still the employer and therefore held responsible.This scenario seems similar to the case of Valles v. Albert Einstein Medical Center, (Pa.Super. 2000), in which the doctor malpractice and a ...

The Perils of Affirmative Action Essay - 1267 Words

The Perils of Affirmative Action On January 16th of this year, I picked up the Washington Post and read an article by Richard Cohen that weakly criticized the lack of ethnic diversity in President Bushs new cabinet. The article was an interesting analysis of the ethnicity of Bushs cabinet, but it is even more significant as it dealt with an issue that is becoming of greater concern in this country: affirmative action. This issue has affected me in the past. I live in Northern Virginia, which is a very race-neutral area, and last year during my college application process was the first time in my life when affirmative action affected me. The applications say the race checkbox is only being used for statistical purposes, but when†¦show more content†¦These advocates fail to realize that minorities still only account for one-fifth of the population, and hiring a high percentage of minorities would be a gross overrepresentation of the population. This would therefore be a bias towards one race or ethnic group, something that advocates of affirmative action are opposed to. Not all minority races support affirmative action, either. Asians and Indians are often discriminated against as well, since most are easily capable of getting a job and getting into college. In fact, Asians might have more of a reason to fear the race checkbox, since in college admissions they are compared to other Asians instead of just other students from their high school. Many blacks say that they do not want any help from the government in obtaining and keeping a job. Pride in a job is important to just about everybody, and it is much preferred to feel that a success in life has been earned because of qualifications and hard work. In many cases, though, minorities are not paid as well or arent hired as often as their white colleagues, and this is a powerful motivation to accept a job that you may have gotten over somebody else because of your race. As a side consequence to this, racial tensions build in an affirmative action workplace. This isnt the fault of the employer or the employee, but instead of the system. A study conducted among white students last year at the University ofShow MoreRelatedCase Brief Soldano V. O’daniels Court of Appeals of California March 28, 1983 Statement of Facts a Patron of Happy Jack’s Saloon Went Across the Street to the Circle Inn to Talk with the Owner of the Two Establishments.2016 Words   |  9 Pa gesdeath upon a motion for summary judgment...[by defendant]. This action arises out of a shooting death occurring on August 9, 1977. Plaintiffs father [Darrell Soldano] was as shot and killed by one Rudolph Villanueva on that date at defendants Happy Jacks Saloon. This defendant [ODaniels] owns and operates the Circle Inn which is an eating establishment located across the street from Happy Jacks. Plaintiffs second cause of action against this defendant is one for negligence. 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Self Reflection Essay - 1870 Words

In this self reflection, I will be discussing about my limiting and supporting beliefs, my transference examples, and the primary and secondary function of my major habits. My limiting belief is that I do not have the skills needed to be in a manager position or communicate effectively, and my supporting belief is that I can learn and improve my skills to do the things that my limiting beliefs maintain that I could not do, such as being a manager or an effective communicator. My transference is the fear of admitting my mistakes to my supervisors that is transferred from the experience I have with my father when I was young. Lastly, I talk about my major habits, such as doing homework early, which primarily gives me ample time to work on my†¦show more content†¦Regarding to my manager position, I believe that while I might not be as fit to be in a manager role, this is an opportunity for me to be outside of my comfort zone and is still relatively safe to enhance learning, as I have a supportive supervisor and coworkers. My limiting belief is an obstacle for me in improving my skills and taking risks, because thinking that I’m not good at socializing prevents me from talking to other people and practicing the skills I lack. My limiting belief about my inability to take on a manager role will prevent me from trying it out and taking the risk to expand my skill sets and experience. On the other hand, my supporting beliefs allow me to take the risks that my limiting beliefs prevent and they allow me to trust myself and have hope that I will improve and grow in the future. This limiting belief is something many people struggle with, because many people lack social skills due to lack of past experience in socialization or due to a disability such as learning disabilities or autism, and it could lead to a lack of social support that people have, which can lead to other physical and mental problems. Moreover, people who feel lonely are more likely to be depressed and experience cognitive and physical decline. 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President and congress Essay Example For Students

President and congress Essay How the New President Will Work With CongressIn recent history, many times, the political party of the president has not been accompanied by the same political party that controls congress.This creates a problem for the Presidents, because they are not able to enact policies that were promised to the American public while running for office. In the 2000 election, the American people have seen events that have never happened before in history. In fact, this election is making history, and it will be hard for the new president to get out of the spot light that this election has brought to the two candidates. Not only has the presidential election been close, but in addition the Senate seats and House of Representatives seats have been up for grabs. The senate is split fifty-fifty for the first time in history and the house is lead by Republicans, but only by nine seats. This is going to make it difficult for bills proposed by the president to become law.The President, whether it is Geo rge W. Bush Jr. or Al Gore, will face difficulties in office that no other president has encountered prior to this election. Either candidate will have trouble working with Congress because the House and Senate are split very closely between the Democratic and Republican parties. This will make every topic hotly debated with such a small majority. Tax cuts and Social Security are examples of issues that are going to be closely debated. The intention of the founders of our nation was to make congress a more powerful body than the executive branch. The founders wanted a strong legislature, however there was a shift in power to the executive branch at the start of the twentieth century. The president gained much power during this time, due to World War One and Two, and the Cold War. During times of crisis, the head of state is looked upon to lead the nation. But this not what the founders wanted in the long run for the nation. The constitutional framers would undoubtedly be disturbed b y the shift to the presidentially centered government that characterizes the modern era(Rimmerman). Since the end of the cold war the power has began to shift back towards congress. During President Franklin D. Roosevelts first two years in office, the government was not divided. Democrats controlled both branches of government. Roosevelt had proven what could happen if the president and congress are controlled by the same party. Even though it was a time of crisis, Roosevelts first one hundred days were monumental. He passed bills, such as the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and developed agencies with ease because of the time period such as the Great Depression and the fact that the Democratic party controlled both the presidency and Congress. What Roosevelt did with the presidency and congress went along with what he had planned to do to help the nation recover from the Great Depression. The luxury of having a president and Congress controlled by the same party, is one that Gore would not obtain and for Bush the majority is so small it is like having no majority. If the president is George W Bush Jr, which it pro bably will be, he will have a small majority to work with in the house. If Al Gore becomes president, he will not have the majority, however the vote will still be close. In history, the American public has seen that a presidency which is won by a blowout, or a large margin, is more likely to have success as opposed to an election won by a small majority.Some Presidents claim that a landslide election gives them a mandate, by which they mean that the electorate approved the programs offered in the campaign and that congress ought therefore go along(Ginsberg). This was seen in FDRs 1932 victory. When a president wins by a large majority, the public seems to support him more. This election, which is in great divide, will leave Americans bitter and at odds with the president if their candidate does not win. This will mean that the president must work even harder to use all of his power to work along with congress and not against them. Members of the house and senate read the election r eturns with an eye toward determining the level of public support for the president and his agenda(Strahan). Even without a landslide victory, the presidency still maintains a lot of power that sometimes never gets utilized. The success of probable President Bush will depend on how he exercises that power.Bush in his campaign promised large tax-cuts and reforming social security. This will be easier said than done. Bush proposed a 1.3 trillion dollar tax-cut and to privatize social security giving a large portion to big business. Bush though is going to encounter some problems in trying to pass these proposals by congress. With Congress evenly split between Republicans and Democrats, neither the tax cut nor Mr. Bushs plan for partially privatizing Social Security will be an easy sell(Davis). When the president and Congress are of the same political party, they have a high percentage of winning roll-call votes on bills. However, with a divided government, the percentage is much lower . This has occurred, especially in recent years. For example, in the first term of presidency, Bill Clinton had an approval rating in congress in the range of eighty-six percent. When the Congress became divided in 1994, and Republicans gained control of the House and Senate the approval rating drop to thirty-five percent. That is a significant change in approval percentage, and it is because a president can accomplish more when supported by Congress.A tool that the president can use when he does not agree with a bill proposed by congress is what is called the presidential veto. The founders of the constitution would be shocked by they amount of power that presidents now have. In the early nineteenth century it was commonly believed that the president should not exercise the veto to express policy preferences. The presidents primary responsibility was to faithfully execute the laws passed by congress(Rimmerman 236). The president can veto any bill proposed by the house or the senate . The president who exercised the use of the veto was President Franklin D. Roosevelt. He used an unprecedented six hundred thirty five presidential vetoes against congress. With congress divided as evenly as it is, it is going to be difficult for the new president to influence congress.This is one reason that a president will use his veto against congressional bills. On the other hand, the presidential veto is not final. The president can have his veto overturned by congress with a two-thirds vote making the bill law. The only veto that congress can not overturn is a pocket veto which a bill that is brought before the president to sign with in ten days of the end of his presidency. .ucbaac72e5948cd89e242ea49fc63135b , .ucbaac72e5948cd89e242ea49fc63135b .postImageUrl , .ucbaac72e5948cd89e242ea49fc63135b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucbaac72e5948cd89e242ea49fc63135b , .ucbaac72e5948cd89e242ea49fc63135b:hover , .ucbaac72e5948cd89e242ea49fc63135b:visited , .ucbaac72e5948cd89e242ea49fc63135b:active { border:0!important; } .ucbaac72e5948cd89e242ea49fc63135b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucbaac72e5948cd89e242ea49fc63135b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucbaac72e5948cd89e242ea49fc63135b:active , .ucbaac72e5948cd89e242ea49fc63135b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucbaac72e5948cd89e242ea49fc63135b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucbaac72e5948cd89e242ea49fc63135b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucbaac72e5948cd89e242ea49fc63135b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucbaac72e5948cd89e242ea49fc63135b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucbaac72e5948cd89e242ea49fc63135b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucbaac72e5948cd89e242ea49fc63135b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucbaac72e5948cd89e242ea49fc63135b .ucbaac72e5948cd89e242ea49fc63135b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucbaac72e5948cd89e242ea49fc63135b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury EssayThe senate, however, has a tool to combat the veto. This tool is called a filibuster. A filibuster is a a tactic used by members of the Senate to prevent action on legislation they oppose by continuously holding the floor and speaking until the majority backs down(Ginsberg). A senator can debate for as long as he wants, so that any action of legislation that party opposes does not get through and the majority backs down. With the senate split fifty-fifty it will be difficult for either party to stop the other from using them because to stop a filibuster one needs sixty votes or three-fifths vote. Even though filibusters have not been use d often, the threat of a filibuster usually scares the opposition, which is the desired effect for by that party. The president, which will most likely be George Bush Jr, is going to have difficulties passing legislation through congress with such a small majority of republicans controlling the majority. It is also going to be difficult to gain Democratic votes in the House of Representatives and the Senate. In recent years more citizens have been voting independent, rather than staying with one party. This is not the same with in congress though. Party loyalties have grown in the last couple of decades in the Senate and the House of Representatives, which in turn means that more Senators and congressmen vote the same as their party. It is also going to be hard for the George Bush to have confidence in the people to do what he wants to do as president. This will be the most tenuous new presidency in over a century. Not only did a plurality of Americans nationwide vote for Mr. Bushs opponent, but the Bush victory was due to a flawed ballot system. And since the election, Mr. Bush is not to be confused with a confident, comfortable, secure man ready to lead the country(Hunt).The future victor of the two thousand presidential election will not win this election by a large majority, therefore indicating that the people are ambivalent about who will be a better leader for the nation. Bush will face challenges that will test this divided country. With the two parties so polarized, it is going to be difficult for Bush to pass any bills without making compromises with the Democrats. Bibliography: